Általános Kémia

BMEVESAA101 őszi/tavaszi 4+0+0v 5 magyar 1/1

előadó: Dr. Csonka Gábor egyetemi tanár, 2008/2009 2. félév.

A tantárgy célja a hallgatók általános kémiai tudásszintjének olyan szintre emelése, melyre a kémiai szaktárgyak (szervetlen, szerves, fizikai kémia) alapozhatnak. Így feladat az alapfogalmak definiálása és tisztázása, mintegy a kémiai nyelv alapszókincsének a megismertetése.

Jegyzet, tankönyv, felhasználható irodalom:

Hasznos internet címek:

Tételek

Beugró kérdések

Angol nyelvű tananyag

Angol nyelvű könyvek:
R. H. Petrucci et al.: General Chemistry Principles and Modern Applications
J. C. Kotz et al.: Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity, 6th Edition
A 9. fejezet, Bonding and Molecular structure, letöltehtő.
Érdekes anyagok találhatók itt

Válogatott (angol nyelvű) videók:

1. Töltés, elektroszkóp, azonos töltések taszítják egymást
2. Rádioaktív sugárzás
3. Katódsugár (elektron) elektromos, mágneses és elektromágneses térben
4. Robert A. Millikan:  olajcsepp kísérlete
5. Ionizáló sugárzás (jegyzet 225. o. 106, 107. ábra)
6. Ernest Rutherford: Rutherford kísérlet - az atommag
7. Lítium, Nátrium és Kálium reakciója vízzel.
8. Ionos kristályok törése
9. A hőátadás iránya
10. Fekete test spektruma, izzó vas
11. Elektromágneses sugárzás, fény, a szín függése a hullámhossztól
12. Hidrogén atom vonalas emissziós spektruma, Bohr modell
13. Elektrondiffrakció
14. VSEPR elmélet, vegyértékhéj elektronpárok taszítása
15. Kétatomos molekula, kötéstávolság (bond length)
16. Kötő és lazító molekulapályák elektronsűrűsége
17. Metán képződése, sp3 hibrid, térbeli megjelenítés, animáció
18. Etilén: szigma, pi és a két kötés együtt
19. C=C kötés körüli forgás energiagátja
20. A színlátás molekuláris alapja (rodopszin)
21. Diamágneses (N₂) és paramágneses (O₂) anyagok mágneses térben
22. Sávelmélet Li.
23. Félvezető Al szennyezés szilíciumban.

Kapcsolódó Kémiai Nobel díjak:

• 2008 - Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, Roger Y. Tsien "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"
• 2007 - Gerhard Ertl "for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces"
• 2006 - Roger D. Kornberg "for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription"
• 2003 - Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon "for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes"
• 2000 - Alan Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa "discovery and development of conductive polymers"
• 1999 - Ahmed Zewail "for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy"
• 1998 - Walter Kohn,"for his development of the density-functional theory" John Pople "for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry"
• 1997 - Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker, Jens C. Skou (ATP)
• 1996 - Robert F. Curl Jr., Sir Harold Kroto, Richard E. Smalley  "for their discovery of fullerenes"
• 1995 - Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina, F. Sherwood Rowland "formation and decomposition of ozone"
• 1994 - George A. Olah "carbocation chemistry"
• 1991 - Richard R. Ernst "nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy"
• 1986 - Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John C. Polanyi "the dynamics of chemical elementary processes"
• 1985 - Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle "for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures"
• 1976 - William Lipscomb "for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding"
• 1975 - John Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog "streochemistry"
• 1971 - Gerhard Herzberg "for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals"
• 1969 - Derek Barton, Odd Hassel "for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry"
• 1968 - Lars Onsager "for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes"
• 1966 - Robert S. Mulliken "for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method"
• 1961 - Melvin Calvin "for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants"
• 1960 - Willard F. Libby "carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics"
• 1954 - Linus Pauling "for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances"
• 1952 - Archer J.P. Martin, Richard L.M. Synge "for their invention of partition chromatography"
• 1944 - Otto Hahn "for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei"
• 1943 - George de Hevesy "for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes"
• 1936 - Peter Debye "on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases"
• 1935 - Frédéric Joliot, Irène Joliot-Curie "synthesis of new radioactive elements"
• 1934 - Harold C. Urey "for his discovery of heavy hydrogen"
• 1932 - Irving Langmuir "for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry"
• 1931 - Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius "invention and development of chemical high pressure methods"
• 1925 - Richard Zsigmondy "colloids"
• 1922 - Francis W. Aston "for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule"
• 1921 - Frederick Soddy "origin and nature of isotopes"
• 1920 - Walther Nernst "in recognition of his work in thermochemistry"
• 1918 - Fritz Haber "for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements"
• 1914 - Theodore W. Richards "in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements"
• 1911 - Marie Curie "radium and polonium"
• 1909 - Wilhelm Ostwald Catalysis, chemical equilibria, rates of reaction
• 1908 - Ernest Rutherford "for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances"
• 1906 - Henri Moissan "investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him"
• 1904 - Sir William Ramsay "inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system"
• 1903 - Svante Arrhenius "electrolytic theory of dissociation"
• 1901 - Jacobus H. van 't Hoff: Ozmózis nyomás

Kapcsolódó Fizikai Nobel díjak:

• 2007 - Albert Fert, Peter Grünberg for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance
• 2006 - John C. Mather, George F. Smoot the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation
• 2003 - Alexei A. Abrikosov, Vitaly L. Ginzburg, Anthony J. Leggett theory of superconductors and superfluids
• 1994 - Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull neutron diffraction
• 1991 - Pierre-Gilles de Gennes methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers
• 1986 - Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer scanning tunneling microscope
• 1981 - Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur L. Schawlow, Kai M. Siegbahn high-resolution electron spectroscopy
• 1975 - Aage N. Bohr, Ben R. Mottelson, James Rainwater
• 1971 - Dennis Gabor the holographic method
• 1967 - Hans Bethe the energy production in stars
• 1965 - Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger, Richard P. Feynman fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics
• 1959 - Emilio Segrè, Owen Chamberlain for their discovery of the antiproton
• 1956 - William B. Shockley, John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain discovery of the transistor effect
• 1955 - Willis E. Lamb, the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum Polykarp Kusch precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron
• 1954 - Max Born, for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction Walther Bothe
• 1951 - John Cockcroft, Ernest T.S. Walton for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles
• 1945 - Wolfgang Pauli discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle
• 1944 - Isidor Isaac Rabi resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei
• 1943 - Otto Stern his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton
• 1939 - Ernest Lawrence cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements
• 1938 - Enrico Fermi discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons
• 1936 - Victor F. Hess, for his discovery of cosmic radiation Carl D. Anderson for his discovery of the positron
• 1935 - James Chadwick for the discovery of the neutron
• 1933 - Erwin Schrödinger, Paul A.M. Dirac for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory
• 1932 - Werner Heisenberg creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen
• 1929 - Louis de Broglie for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons
• 1925 - James Franck, Gustav Hertz discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom
• 1923 - Robert A. Millikan for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect
• 1922 - Niels Bohr investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them
• 1921 - Albert Einstein discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect
• 1919 - Johannes Stark splitting of spectral lines in electric fields
• 1918 - Max Planck discovery of energy quanta
• 1917 - Charles Glover Barkla characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements
• 1915 - William Bragg, Lawrence Bragg analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays
• 1914 - Max von Laue diffraction of X-rays by crystals
• 1913 - Heike Kamerlingh Onnes liquid helium
• 1911 - Wilhelm Wien laws governing the radiation of heat"
• 1910 - Johannes Diderik van der Waals equation of state for gases and liquids
• 1907 - Albert A. Michelson optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations
• 1906 - J.J. Thomson conduction of electricity by gases
• 1905 - Philipp Lenard for his work on cathode rays
• 1904 - Lord Rayleigh discovery of argon
• 1903 - Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie, Marie Curie Radioactivity
• 1902 - Hendrik A. Lorentz, Pieter Zeeman magnetism
• 1901 - Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen rays named after him